English grammar explains how words, phrases, clauses, and sentences work together to express clear meaning. It includes parts of speech, verb forms, sentence structure, punctuation, and the rules that shape accurate communication.
Explore lessons on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, phrases, clauses, sentences, verb tenses, and other essential grammar topics. Each section provides clear explanations, practical rules, and examples.
An object complement is a word or phrase that follows a direct object and identifies or describes it. It may express a role, a judgment, an existing quality, or a condition resulting from an action. Consider: The committee appointed Maya…
A direct question asks for information on its own, while an indirect question places that question inside a longer sentence. Compare: Where is the nearest pharmacy? Could you tell me where the nearest pharmacy is? Both ask about the pharmacy’s…
An absolute phrase is a group of words that adds information about the circumstances surrounding a sentence rather than modifying one particular word. It usually contains a noun or pronoun followed by a participle or another descriptive element. For example:…
An infinitive phrase is a group of words built around an infinitive, usually to + the base form of a verb. It may also include words that complete or modify the action. For example: Maya hopes to finish the painting…
Yes/no questions are questions that can be answered with yes or no. They usually ask whether something is true, whether an action has happened, or whether someone can or will do something. For example: Are you coming to the wedding?…
To form questions in English, you often need to change the order of the subject and verb. Sometimes you move a helping verb that’s already in the sentence. Other times, you add do, does, or did. Compare these two statements…
WH questions ask for specific information about a person, thing, place, time, reason, or manner. They usually begin with words such as who, what, where, when, why, or which. For example: Each question asks for a particular detail rather than…
An interrogative sentence is a sentence used to ask a question. It usually ends with a question mark (?) and often places an auxiliary verb before the subject. For example: The first question asks for confirmation, the second asks for…
A gerund phrase is a gerund together with any objects, complements, or modifiers that belong to it. It is built around an -ing verb form and can function as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Consider: Restoring old…
A non-finite clause contains a non-finite verb form, such as an infinitive or a participle, rather than a finite verb of its own. It can function as a subject, complement, or modifier, or add information about time, reason, purpose, and…
A reduced relative clause is a shorter construction that modifies a noun without using the full structure of a finite relative clause. It commonly contains an -ing form, a past participle, or a to-infinitive. Compare: The passengers who are waiting…
A clause of result is a dependent clause that expresses a consequence. In English, result clauses often appear in constructions with so … that and such … that, which connect the degree of a quality, action, or quantity with its…