English grammar explains how words, phrases, clauses, and sentences work together to express clear meaning. It includes parts of speech, verb forms, sentence structure, punctuation, and the rules that shape accurate communication.
Explore lessons on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, phrases, clauses, sentences, verb tenses, and other essential grammar topics. Each section provides clear explanations, practical rules, and examples.
The subject is a grammatical part of a clause that has a particular relationship with its verb. In most ordinary English statements, it appears before the verb and often determines whether the verb takes a singular or plural form. Consider:…
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that identifies or adds information about a noun or pronoun. It is also called a relative clause. Consider: The parcel that arrived without a return address is still at reception. The adjective clause…
An object is a grammatical element that belongs to a verb’s construction or serves as the complement of a preposition. Direct and indirect objects occur in verb patterns, while an object of a preposition belongs within a prepositional phrase. Consider:…
A noun phrase is a word or group of words built around a noun or pronoun. It can function as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. A noun phrase can be as short as someone or as detailed…
A phrase is a word or group of words that functions as a grammatical unit within a sentence. It can name someone or something, express an action, describe a noun, or add information about when, where, or how something happens.…
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. A dependent clause cannot normally stand alone because it functions as part of a larger grammatical structure. Compare: The concert continued. although the power went out The first is an…
English clauses are commonly divided into two main types: independent clauses and dependent clauses. Dependent clauses can be classified further as noun clauses, relative (adjective) clauses, and adverbial clauses, depending on their function. These categories aren’t all at the same…
English tense names can make the system seem more rigid than it really is. A form called present continuous can describe a future arrangement, as in We are meeting the architects on Friday. A past form can even describe a…
A comma splice happens when two complete sentences are joined with only a comma. It may seem like a small punctuation mistake, but it can cause confusion or make your writing feel unpolished, especially in formal or academic settings. Comma…
A run-on sentence happens when two or more complete thoughts are joined without proper punctuation or connecting words. Even if the ideas are clear, the sentence becomes grammatically incorrect and harder to follow. Run-on sentences are one of the most…
Sentence structure is the way words, phrases, and clauses are arranged to form a sentence. In English, their arrangement helps us understand who or what is being discussed, how the verb relates to other elements, and how ideas are connected.…
A sentence fragment is a group of words that looks like a sentence but doesn’t express a complete thought. It might be missing a subject, a verb, or both. Sometimes, it’s just a leftover piece of a sentence that was…