English grammar explains how words, phrases, clauses, and sentences work together to express clear meaning. It includes parts of speech, verb forms, sentence structure, punctuation, and the rules that shape accurate communication.
Explore lessons on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, phrases, clauses, sentences, verb tenses, and other essential grammar topics. Each section provides clear explanations, practical rules, and examples.
In the sentence Maya opened the window, the noun phrase the window is directly connected to the verb opened. It tells us what Maya opened and functions as the direct object. Now compare that with Maya waited by the window.…
Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that describe, limit, or clarify meaning in a sentence. They help explain which one, what kind, how, or to what extent. Clear modifier use makes sentences precise. Poor placement can confuse the reader or…
Every sentence needs a subject. It’s the part that tells us who or what the sentence is about. The subject is the foundation that connects directly to the verb and gives the sentence meaning. Whether it’s one word or a…
An adjective clause is a type of dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. It begins with a relative pronoun or relative adverb and includes a subject and a verb. Although it cannot stand alone, it gives important or…
The object is a key part of many English sentences. While the subject does the action, the object receives it. Together, they help form complete, meaningful sentences. In this article, you’ll learn what objects do in a sentence, the difference…
In the sentence The old wooden bridge across the river needs repairs, the words the old wooden bridge across the river work together as the subject. The central word is bridge, while the other words identify and describe it. This…
A sentence is made from words that work together in meaningful units. In the sentence The curious child looked through the telescope, the words the curious child form one unit, while through the telescope form another. These word groups are…
When writing or editing a sentence, one of the most important things to recognize is whether the clause you’re working with can stand on its own. That’s where the difference between independent and dependent clauses matters. Both types contain a…
Clauses are groups of words that contain a subject and a verb, and they play an important role in sentence structure. The types of clauses you use affect how your sentences are formed and how clearly your ideas come across.…
English tense names can make the system seem more rigid than it really is. A form called present continuous can describe a future arrangement, as in We are meeting the architects on Friday. A past form can even describe a…
A comma splice happens when two complete sentences are joined with only a comma. It may seem like a small punctuation mistake, but it can cause confusion or make your writing feel unpolished, especially in formal or academic settings. Comma…
A run-on sentence happens when two or more complete thoughts are joined without proper punctuation or connecting words. Even if the ideas are clear, the sentence becomes grammatically incorrect and harder to follow. Run-on sentences are one of the most…